Brazil is a top-15 global gold producer, with annual output of approximately 80–100 tonnes depending on measurement methodology. The industry combines large-scale industrial mining with a significant artisanal and small-scale sector (garimpo).
| State | Key Mines | Share of Output |
|---|---|---|
| Minas Gerais | Paracatu (Kinross), Cuiabá, Raposos | ~30% |
| Bahia | Jacobina (Yamana/Pan American), Fazenda Brasileiro | ~20% |
| Pará | Sossego, Salobo (Vale — by-product), Onça Puma | ~15% |
| Mato Grosso | Multiple operations, significant garimpo | ~15% |
| Goiás | Borborema (Aura), other mid-tier | ~10% |
| Other states | Smaller operations + Amazon frontier | ~10% |
Artisanal and small-scale mining (garimpo) contributes an estimated 15–40 additional tonnes per year beyond formal statistics. At US$4,000–5,000 per ounce, the economics of informal mining intensify, creating regulatory and environmental challenges — particularly in the Amazon basin and Indigenous territories.